How to Run Linux on Windows: A Complete Guide

In recent years, the ability to run Linux on Windows has become more accessible than ever. With Microsoft embracing open-source technologies, users can now enjoy the best of both worlds without needing separate devices or dual-boot configurations. Whether you are a developer, system administrator, or casual user, learning how to run Linux on Windows can significantly improve your computing experience. In this article, we’ll explore multiple ways to run Linux on Windows, including Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), virtual machines, and bootable USB drives.

Why Run Linux on Windows?

Running Linux on Windows provides numerous benefits:

• Access to Linux tools: Developers can use powerful command-line utilities like Bash, Git, and SSH.
• Cross-platform compatibility: Run Linux applications alongside Windows programs seamlessly.
• Better resource management: Compared to dual-booting, running Linux on Windows allows for more efficient system resource allocation.
• Enhanced learning: Beginners can explore Linux without replacing their primary operating system.

Now, let’s dive into the different methods to run Linux on Windows.

1. Using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

Microsoft introduced the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) as a way to natively run Linux on Windows without the need for a virtual machine. WSL enables users to execute Linux commands directly from the Windows terminal.

Steps to Install WSL

1. Enable WSL: Open PowerShell as Administrator and run the following command:

   wsl --install

   This command installs WSL along with a default Linux distribution (usually Ubuntu).

2. Choose a Linux Distribution: After installation, you can install different Linux distributions from the Microsoft Store. Popular options include Ubuntu, Debian, and Kali Linux.
3. Launch Linux on Windows: Open the Start menu, search for your installed Linux distribution, and launch it.
4. Update Your System: Once inside the Linux terminal, update your system using:

   sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

With WSL, you can run Linux on Windows seamlessly, execute shell scripts, and develop cross-platform applications.

2. Running Linux on Windows Using a Virtual Machine

Another popular way to run Linux on Windows is by using a virtual machine (VM). This method provides a fully functional Linux environment without modifying your Windows installation.

Steps to Set Up a Linux VM

1. Download a Virtual Machine Software: The most commonly used virtualization software includes:
   • VirtualBox (Free and open-source)
   • VMware Workstation Player (Free for personal use)
2. Download a Linux ISO File: Visit the official website of the Linux distribution you want to install and download its ISO file.
3. Create a New Virtual Machine: Open your virtual machine software and create a new VM, assigning:
   • RAM: At least 2GB (4GB recommended)
   • CPU cores: At least 2
   • Storage: 20GB or more
4. Install Linux: Mount the downloaded ISO file in the VM, boot it up, and follow the installation instructions.

Once installed, you can run Linux on Windows inside the VM with full functionality, including GUI applications.

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3. Running Linux on Windows with a Bootable USB Drive

If you prefer not to install Linux directly on your system, running Linux on Windows using a bootable USB drive is a great alternative. This method allows you to use Linux without making any permanent changes to your Windows system.

Steps to Create a Bootable Linux USB Drive

1. Download a Linux ISO File: Choose your preferred Linux distribution and download its ISO.
2. Create a Bootable USB Drive: Use tools like Rufus or BalenaEtcher to create a bootable USB drive.
3. Boot into Linux:
   • Restart your computer and enter the BIOS/UEFI settings (usually by pressing F2, F12, or DEL during boot).
   • Change the boot order to prioritise USB devices.
   • Save changes and reboot.
4. Use Linux Without Installation: Most Linux distributions offer a “Live” mode, allowing you to run Linux on Windows without installation.

This method is ideal for testing Linux, troubleshooting, or running Linux applications on Windows without affecting your system.

4. Using Cygwin for a Linux-Like Experience

Cygwin is another way to run Linux on Windows, offering a Linux-like environment without a full-fledged Linux installation.

Steps to Install Cygwin

1. Download Cygwin Installer from the official website.
2. Run the installer and select the packages you want (such as Bash, Git, and SSH).
3. Launch Cygwin Terminal to execute Linux commands on Windows.

Cygwin is lightweight but lacks full Linux kernel support. If you need a true Linux experience, WSL or a VM is a better option.

5. Dual Booting Linux and Windows

If you need full system performance, dual-booting is an option. This setup allows you to choose between Linux and Windows at startup.

Steps to Set Up Dual Boot

1. Create a Backup: Before partitioning your disk, back up important data.
2. Partition Your Hard Drive: Use Windows Disk Management to allocate space for Linux.
3. Create a Bootable USB: Use a tool like Rufus.
4. Install Linux: Boot from the USB, follow the installation steps, and select the partition you created.

While dual booting provides better performance, switching between operating systems requires a reboot.

Conclusion

Running Linux on Windows is now easier than ever, thanks to tools like WSL, virtual machines, and bootable USB drives. Whether you are a developer looking for a Linux-friendly coding environment or a casual user curious about Linux, these methods will help you seamlessly run Linux on Windows.

By using WSL, you can enjoy Linux command-line tools without leaving Windows. Virtual machines offer a complete Linux experience, while bootable USB drives provide a portable option. Choose the method that best suits your needs and start using Linux on Windows today!

If you found this guide helpful, let us know your favourite way to run Linux on Windows in the comments!